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<!doctype html>  
<html>
<body>
<canvas id="can" width="400" height="400" style="background: Black"></canvas>
<script>
var sn = [ 42, 41 ], dz = 43, fx = 1, n, ctx = document.getElementById("can").getContext("2d");
function draw(t, c) {
ctx.fillStyle = c;
ctx.fillRect(t % 20 * 20 + 1, ~~(t / 20) * 20 + 1, 18, 18);
}
document.onkeydown = function(e) {
fx = sn[1] - sn[0] == (n = [ -1, -20, 1, 20 ][(e || event).keyCode - 37] || fx) ? fx : n
};
!function() {
sn.unshift(n = sn[0] + fx);
if (sn.indexOf(n, 1) > 0 || n<0||n>399 || fx == 1 && n % 20 == 0 || fx == -1 && n % 20 == 19)
return alert("GAME OVER");
draw(n, "Lime");
if (n == dz) {
while (sn.indexOf(dz = ~~(Math.random() * 400)) >= 0);
draw(dz, "Yellow");
} else
draw(sn.pop(), "Black");
setTimeout(arguments.callee, 130);
}();
</script>
</body>
</html>

注释版

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>贪吃蛇重构</title>
<style>
body {
display: flex;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="can" width="400" height="400" style="background-color: black">对不起,您的浏览器不支持canvas</canvas>
<script>

var snake = [41, 40], //snake队列表示蛇身,初始节点存在但不显示
direction = 1, //1表示向右,-1表示向左,20表示向下,-20表示向上
food = 43, //食物的位置
n, //与下次移动的位置有关
box = document.getElementById('can').getContext('2d');
//从0到399表示box里[0~19]*[0~19]的所有节点,每20px一个节点
function draw(seat, color) {
box.fillStyle = color;
box.fillRect(seat % 20 *20 + 1, ~~(seat / 20) * 20 + 1, 19, 19);
//用color填充一个矩形,以前两个参数为x,y坐标,后两个参数为宽和高。
}
document.onkeydown = function(evt) {
//当键盘上下左右键摁下的时候改变direction
direction = snake[1] - snake[0] == (n = [-1, -20, 1, 20][(evt || event).keyCode - 37] || direction) ? direction : n;
};
(function() {
snake.unshift(n = snake[0] + direction);
//此时的n为下次蛇头出现的位置,n进入队列
if(snake.indexOf(n, 1) > 0 || n < 0 || n > 399 || direction == 1 && n % 20 == 0 || direction == -1 && n % 20 == 19) {
//if语句判断贪吃蛇是否撞到自己或者墙壁,碰到时返回,结束程序
return alert("GAME OVER!");
}
draw(n, "lime"); //画出蛇头下次出现的位置
if(n == food) { //如果吃到食物时,产生一个蛇身以外的随机的点,不会去掉蛇尾
while (snake.indexOf(food = ~~(Math.random() * 400)) > 0);
draw(food, "yellow");
} else { //没有吃到食物时正常移动,蛇尾出队列
draw(snake.pop(),"black");
}
setTimeout(arguments.callee, 100);
//每隔0.15秒执行函数一次,可以调节蛇的速度
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>